Adrienne Rich’s 21 Love Poems Essay

In â€Å"Twenty-One Love Poems† by Adrienne Rich, each poem helps us understand her life. We as the readers get a â€Å"sneak peak† at the struggles she faces due to an almost ‘doomed’ love affair she has with another woman. The settings of her poems take place in Manhattan which she refers to as the â€Å"island of Manhattan† many times. There is a transitioning from beginning to end of this short collection of poems. Rich begins her collection with a jolly almost exuberant tone of passion and romance she shares with her lover. In poem IV she states â€Å"I open the mail, drinking delicious coffee, delicious music, my body still both light and heavy with you† (10-12). The speaker here is having physical contact with her lover, juxtaposed to the later poems where the lover is only a memory. The solitude she finds herself in is seen in poem XVIII: â€Å"Close between grief and anger, a space opens where I am Adrienne alone. And growing colderà ¢â‚¬  (13-14). This is the exact point where we find out her sadness and loss she has experienced. I will focus on this side of the spectrum, Adrienne Rich’s transition into solitude. Poem XVIII starts off with rain in the city, and the speaker is at a red light at Riverside. It can be interpreted that the rain is in correlation with her sadness and/or tears as to finding herself at a stop in her life, which is in correlation with the red light she is currently waiting on. This assertion can be made by the lines that follow: â€Å"the more I live, the more I think/ two people together is a miracle† (3-4). She is clearly being judgmental about relationships in general based on her experiences in love. Two people together don’t necessarily have to be viewed as a miracle like she puts it. Two women however, in her time, had to have a hidden love, completely unknown to the outside world. The end result would be that their love for each other would have to always stay hidden, as to why she writes: â€Å"The story of our lives becomes our lives† (7). She continues by telling her lover that she knows her response already, and that it most likely will sound like something some Victorian poet would say. â€Å"†¦ salt estranging sea† is what she pulls from Matthew Arnold’s â€Å"To Marguerite† which is mostly stating that we are all alone no matter the millions of people around us. Rich ends the poem by stating that she is in a state of â€Å"estrangement.† Estrangement is separation resulting from hostility, but in this case the estrangement can possibly be synonymous for a fresh start. What can be very  hard to understand about the ending of this poem is that although â€Å"a clef of light† is visible, Adrienne feels more alone than ever. Although the start of something new can be both, good and frightening for someone, th e start of this new day for Adrienne makes her feel colder than she ever has felt. Rich continues in poem XIX to show the darker side of the â€Å"island of Manhattan.† The poem starts off with a question â€Å"Can it be growing colder when I begin to touch myself again, adhesion pull away?† (1-2) The tone here is grief and an uprising anger. It is interesting to observe that although the speaker is engaging in masturbation, she still feels the coldness that overcame her in poem XVIII. It is bizarre because someone wouldn’t normally associate the act of masturbation with coldness, unless, this event brings up a memory, a memory which gives her an unhappy feeling. She continues by stating that a naked face turns from looking backwards and is now looking to the past for comfort, she is ready to take on what is in front of her: † the eye of winter, city, anger, poverty and death† (5). This new present she is currently facing maybe too much for her to digest. This is why she contemplates if her life is worth living in the following line. She shifts the poem to address her lover by asking her a question. She asks her if she is speaking in a cold manner if she says love isn’t miraculous. This is a transitioning in her state of mind, new profound wisdom enters her and she shares it with us and her lover. She realizes that a relationship consisting of two women â€Å"is a work† just like any other relationship. Thos who are able to be in a healthy relationship can view their efforts as â€Å"heroic in its ordinariness.† The poem ends by Rich telling her love to â€Å"look at the faces of those who have chosen to be in love, that although it takes a lot of hard work, they are in the end happy. Poem XX starts off very ambiguously, with the speaker stating that the conversation she and her lover were supposed to have keeps on replaying in her head. The Fact that it never happened haunts her till this day. She continues the poem by stating that she can distinguish a woman she once loved, the very woman who holds many secrets that built an immense amount of fear. She has tried to speak to this woman on many occasions but her â€Å"expressive head† is a â€Å"dragging down deeper† into a place where she is  unable to make contact with her. The woman she is trying to speak to the entire time is herself. She comes into a self realization that she misses the woman she used to be. In twenty- one love poems, Adrienne Rich gives us a peek into her changing thoughts about love and life. She uses contradictions to parallel the thinking process all of us have with love. There is a change of mind happening throughout all of the poems and this makes the poems and poet appear more â€Å"human-like.† What I mean is that in everyday life people have contradictions about many things and this is how Adrienne Rich does a great idea in humanizing thoughts. Her life is hard to live and she realizes that and so do we. I feel safe to say that she knows its tough but this is a life she has chosen. We experience her hardships in her life through her poetry and we see her transition into solitude. Works Cited Rich, Adrienne. 21 Love Poems http://www.sabrinaaiellophotography.com/files/Complete_21_Love_Poems_by_Adrienne_Rich.htm

An Overview of the Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

In a case report presented by Uzun, Ar, Canan, Aktas, & Bas (2007), an 11-year-old boy was admitted to a hospital in Turkey due to complaints about â€Å"loss of vision, speech deficit, learning difficulty, poor balance, and ataxic gait†. Results of the physical examination showed that the boy manifested the following special features: facial dysmorphism, visual problems that included nystagmus or rapid, involuntary movement of the eyes from side to side, poor coordination, being overweight, an extra digit on the left foot, mild mental retardation, among other distinctive characteristics.What the authors (Uzun et al. , 2007) had presented was a usual case of a developmental disorder called Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS). The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), which is a news classification system that focuses on the components of health (Stewart & Rosenbaum, 2003). The ICF also emphasizes the re lationship between health condition and contextual factors, as illustrated in Figure 1 using the ICF model.This document aims to explain the Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in terms of the patients’ body structure & functions, activities, participation, and their limitations. General Description Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition or an inheritable disease involving non-dominant chromosomes (Barnet, Reilly, Carr, Ojo, Beales, & Charman, 2002; Beales, 2005; Beales, Elcioglu, Woolf, Parker, & Flinter, 1999; Chan, Ho, But, & Tse, 1999; Hrynchak, 2000; Uzun et al. , 2007). It was first described by George Bardet and Alfred Biedl in 1920 (Chan et al. , 2000).This syndrome has a prevalence rate of 1/160,000. The cardinal features of BBS as seen in numerous case reports include retinal dystrophy, obesity, cognitive deficit, hypogonadism, polydactyly (Hrynchak, 2000), mental retardation, and renal dysfunction (Beales et al. , 1999; Chan et al. , 2000; Uzan et al, 2007). A rguments regarding the accuracy of the cardinal features emerged and consequently prompted Beales et al. (1999) to conduct a study that aimed to clarify and determine the major criteria for proper diagnosis of the syndrome. According to the results (Beals et al., 1999), individuals diagnosed with BBS must have the following cardinal features: (1) Visual disorders. The individual suffers from rod-cone dystrophy, also known as atypical retinitis pigmentosa, which is characterized by â€Å"night blindness†, loss of peripheral or tunnel vision, loss of central vision in childhood and adolescence, and â€Å"severe visual impairment by adulthood† (The Foundation Fighting Blindness [TFFB], 2000). (2) Limb defects. A widespread condition among individuals with BBS is postaxial polydactyly, or having extra accessory digits in the hands or feet (Beales et al., 1999). Some are born with only one extra finger or toe, but in other cases, the condition is â€Å"present in all four limbs† (Beales et al. , 1999). There were also cases that extra digits were only found in both hands or in both feet (Beales et al. , 1999). In the case study mentioned above, the 11-year-old boy had an extra digit on the left foot (Uzun et al. , 2007). (3) Height and weight. In the survey conducted by Beales et al. (1999) among children who developed BBS with an average age of 9 years old, the average height of males was 1.73 m, which was significantly lower than the average height of males in the general population which was 1. 76 m; the average height of females, on the other hand, measured 1. 62m—a number that was not significantly different from the average height of females in the general population that measured 1. 63 m (Beales et al. , 1999). When it comes to weight, Bardet-Biedl syndrome is widely linked to being obese or overweight (Beales et al. , 1999; Beales, 2005). Obesity was considered by a number of researchers as one of the accepted major criteria of B BS (Barnet et al., 2002; Hrynchak, 2005). Uzun et al. (2007) even addressed obesity in his case study as â€Å"one of the most common features of BBS†. (4) Education. Individuals with BBS exhibit learning difficulties (Beales et al. , 1999) which â€Å"can range from mild cognitive disability to mental retardation† (TFFB, 2000). However, Green et al. (as cited in Hrynchak, 2000) questioned this feature and found that â€Å"when appropriate verbal and performance IQ tests were given, only a minority of patients were found to have a cognitive deficit†.(5) Renal tract abnormalities. The kidney is one of the affected body organs when a person is developed to have BBS (Beales et al. , 1999, Chan et al. , 2000, Hrynchak, 2000). Most patients were found to have structural abnormalities (Beales et al. , 1999, Chan et al. , 2000). Kidney failure has been one of the leading causes of death among individuals with the syndrome (Chan et al. , 2000; Uzun et al. , 2007). The s ymptoms mentioned above are considered the major criteria; however, the descriptions of BBS are not limited to these items.Hypogonadism was considered by some researchers as one of the key features (Hrynchak, 2000); it is described as a structural deficiency characterized by Beales et al. (1999) as having small penises buried in adipose tissue. These concrete descriptions of the major criteria or symptoms for proper diagnosis of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome are one thing; behavioural patterns in patients with the syndrome are another. Beales et al. (1999) were able to include brief descriptions of BBS patients. These â€Å"difficult† behaviours include â€Å"emotional immaturity, frequent volatile outbursts, and poor reasoning† (Beales et al., 1999). They also claim boldly that â€Å"all BBS children preferred fix routines† (Beales et al. , 1999). Barnet et al. (2002) extensively studied the behaviour of individuals with BBS and found, apart from the aforementioned description by Beales et al. (1999), that children with BBS felt â€Å"withdrawn†, â€Å"anxious†, or even â€Å"depressed†. One of the main arguments of the article by Barnet et al. (2002) was the existence of a â€Å"behaviour phenotype† or a behaviour gene. One revelation that fuelled his speculations was the emergence of closely similar behaviour patterns of individuals born with BBS.That is simply one way to explain behaviour. On the other hand, we can find links between affect, behaviour, and cognition to explain why they act the way they do. Consider feelings of withdrawal, anxiety, and depression. These are all negative feelings indirectly pointed towards the self. A person with BBS would want to withdraw from the normal population because of possible shame or fear of encountering ridicule due to other people’s inconsiderate and usually unkind remarks. Anxiety might be felt due to a developed fear of being ridiculed.Depression, which is mo st probably the worst thing a child can feel, might have developed due to low self-esteem and self-worth. They would probably make comparisons between people like themselves who have impairments and people who are declared by society to be normal. One of the most notable behaviour patterns observed was traces of obsessive-compulsive behaviour; as with individuals who are diagnosed with autism, which is another developmental disorder linked to cognitive deficit, those with BBS are most comfortable with a â€Å"fixed routine† (Barnet, 2002).Activities & Limitations in Activities It is an observable fact that the features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome entail a lot of limitations in learning and applying knowledge. First, once the visual problems emerge, they interfere with visual learning, which is an important facet of education since most instructional media are visual. Hrynchak (2000), however, claimed â€Å"early identification of the visual disorder and appropriate educational intervention can be of great benefit in people with this condition†. In the study of Beales et al.(1999), half of the patients received education in a â€Å"special school†; some even further pursued their education and earned university degrees. Visual problems also hamper the day-to-day activities of older patients. Hrynchak (2000) presented the case of a 20-year-old white man with the condition who worked as a janitor. He complained about â€Å"decreasing visual acuity†, specifically, â€Å"missing debris while sweeping†. â€Å"He also had reduced ability to see fine print, difficulty seeing the credits on television, mobility problems (especially judging depth), and difficulty adapting to changing illumination conditions† (Hrynchak, 2000).Hrynchak (2000) also mentioned that majority of individuals become â€Å"legally blind† before the age of 30. Obesity also entails a lot of health risks including heart disease (Beales et al. , 1999). Th is affects the amount of emotional and physical stress the individual is capable of doing. Ataxia, which is characterized by poor coordination, was also found in patients with BBS. This affects how people with BBS move properly. It is probable that obesity is prevalent in some cases because of ataxia, which hinders activities that need proper coordination such as sports and other physical exercises.There is also the matter of speech deficit. Beales et al. (1999) pointed out that there is a problem in language use and vocabulary is limited due to learning difficulties. Participation & Limitations in Participation The case presented by Hrynchak (2000) shows the ability of individuals with BBS to function effectively in society as a working individual. However, Beales et al. (1999) described that â€Å"adult patients are often disinhibited and appear to recognise social cues†. This means that they often find it difficult to relate and mingle with other people.Perhaps this is a c onsequence of feelings of depression and anxiety in childhood brought about by possible ridicule and rejection among peers. Fatherhood is a major societal role that the males will not get to play. Due to hypogonadism, males are infertile and are unable to procreate (Beales et al. , 1999). According to Hrynchak (2000), â€Å"there have been no reports of a man with Bardet-Biedl syndrome having fathered children. † Treatment & Outcome It is an unfortunate matter that this genetic disorder has no known holistic treatment according to The Foundation Fighting Blindness (2000).To perhaps decrease the complications of the condition, one must address each symptom separately. For visual problems, an eye specialist should be consulted to see how the vision could be improved or what adjustments should be made by the patient or by the people around him. Hrynchak (2000) suggested the use of â€Å"field expansion devices† or a guide dog. Poor vision might hamper an individualâ€℠¢s ability to learn, hence, the cognitive disabilities. Learning disabilities, on the other hand, can be overcome with early intervention and had not been a hindrance to those who completed university degress.For renal abnormalities or kidney problems, one can approach a nephrologist or â€Å"a physician that specializes in kidney diseases† (TFFB, 2000). Kidney diseases are usually not detected until the patient undergoes radiological testing or x-ray after being diagnosed with BBS (Hrynchak, 2000). Take note that the leading cause of death among BBS patients is renal or kidney failure. Reference Barnet, S. , Reilly, S. , Carr, L. , Ojo, I. , Beales, P. L. , & Charman, T. (2002). Behavioural phenotype of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Journal of Medical Genetics 39, e76-e76. Beales P. L. (2005).Lifting the lid on Pandora’s box: The Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 15(3), 315-323. Beales, P. L. , Elcioglu, N. , Woolf, A. S. , Parker, D. , & Flin ter, F. A. (1999). New criteria for improved diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome: Results of a population survey. Journal of Medical Genetics, 36, 437-446. Chan, W. K. Y. , Ho, S. , But, B. , & Tse, W. W. Y. (2000). Renal disease in Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics 5, 34-39. Hrynchak, P. K. (2000). Bardeit-Biedl syndrome. Optometry and Vision Science, 77(5), 236-243. Stewart, D. , & Rosenbaum, P. (2003).The international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF): A global model to guide clinical thinking and practice in childhood disability. Keeping Current, 3(3), 1-8. The Foundation Fighting Blindness. (2000, February). Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Retrieved March 12, 2008, from http://www. blindness. org/pdfs/resources/bardetbiedl. pdf Uzun, H. , Ar, K. , Canan, F. , Aktas, A. , & Bak, M. (2007). A case of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology 7(1). Retrieved March 11, 2008, from, http://www. ispub. com/ostia/in dex. php? xmlFilePath=journals/ijpn/vol7n1/ biedl. xml

Organizational Planning And Decision Making - 1342 Words

In modern society a bureaucracy is defined as any system or government where important decisions are made by state appointed officials as opposed to elected officials. In the 1930’s, a German sociologist named Max Weber coined the term bureaucracy as an ideal way of organizing governmental agencies relating to civil service. A bureaucracy represents a governmental hierarchy in which a large number of people effectively work together towards a common goal. Weber’s belief on bureaucracies quickly spread to private organizations as an effective way to organize businesses as well. According to Max Weber, the main characteristics of a bureaucracy include six main principles. The first is that a bureaucracy is a formal hierarchy where an†¦show more content†¦Specialists are typically grouped by their specialty, the type of work they do. This may allow for more efficiency and increased results. The mission is also a very important principle of a bureaucracy. Web er described two types of missions; in-focus and up-focus. If the organization’s mission is an in-focus mission, the mission serves the organization and the people within the organization. The focus is on achieving high profits. If the organization’s mission is categorized as up-focus then the organization’s focus is to serve the agency that runs it, such as the board of directors or stock holders. The bureaucracy operates on the belief that all people within the organization are to be treated equally. The organization does not recognize individual differences. Even people outside the organization, such as customers, are to be treated equally. The organization does not recognize individual differences and purposefully remain impersonal. The last of Weber’s principles is that employment in an organization is based on qualifications. Employees are not arbitrarily selected and hired. They must meet technical qualifications that are outlined at each l evel. A bureaucracy is thought to have many positive aspects. Although many think the red tape that bureaucracies create is a negative aspect, it can also be a positive aspect. Red tape refers to the paperwork that is required to complete a task within a bureaucratic organization. By having

How Enrons Demise Was Led By The Greed And Greed Of...

Enron’s demise was led by the arrogance and greed of senior executives. The belief was they had to be the best business leaders in the United States. Many also believe that there was a conflict of interest with the auditing firm because not only did they serve as the auditing firm, they also served as a consulting firm to Enron. This enabled them to fabricate financial statements by building assets and hiding debt from investors. The loss of the recorded $1.2 billion shareholders equity meant that many victims of this fraud lost their jobs and their retirement funds. STRATEGY 1: UNDERSTAND THE CULTURE AND DYNAMICS OF CONFLICT The company Enron was formed in 1985 after two natural gas companies, Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth merged together. Kenneth Lay, former chief executive officer of Houston Natural Gas was named CEO of Enron and a year later, Lay was assigned to the chairman of Enron. A few years later, Enron launched a website to allow customers to buy stock for Enron, making it the largest business site in the world. The growth of Enron was rapid; it was even named seventh largest company on the Fortune 500 list; however things began to fall apart in 2001. (News, 2006). In the third quarter of that same year, Enron posted an enormous loss of over $600 million in four years. This is one of the reasons why one of the top executive resigned even though he had only after six months on the job. The stock prices of Enron fell dramatically.Show MoreRelatedEnron Corporation : The Biggest Gas Transmission System Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesstarted in 1985 by Kenneth Lay and was the result of a merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth Corporation (Madsen Vance, 2009). Enron had the biggest gas transmission system in the U.S which consisted of a network of 38,000 miles of pipeline (Giroux, 2008). 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Internet Marketing Relevance and Consumer Attitudes toward...

This paper discusses internet marketing relevance and investigates antecedents of consumer attitudes toward Internet Advertisement. The analysis is based on a consumer survey conducted in India as well as other countries. For this purpose, a representative quota sample of Internet users in India has been interviewed. The finding of this study provides marketers with an understanding of consumers, their attitude toward advertising, so designers and marketers can better strategize their advertising designs. Internet advertising, aka Web advertising or online advertising, is a fast growing business. It has already proved to be significantly important in digital economics. For example, it is vitally important for both web search engines and†¦show more content†¦Mostly data for this survey was collected from Internet users among students, employees and entrepreneurs in India in summer 2011. A purposive sample was recruited with the assistance from professional survey research companies. Overall, 190 questionnaires were collected from employees, one hundred ninety two from entrepreneurs, and one hundred ninety six from the students. This sample is considered a representative of the population. Pilot study was also conducted to test the validity and reliability of the research. Over the years Internet advertising, aka Web advertising, is a fast growing business. Plus, â€Å"online advertising†, also called Internet advertising, uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers. It has already proved to be significantly important in digital economics, for example, â€Å"it is vitally important for both web search engines and online content providers and publishers because web advertising provides them with major sources of revenue†. Its attendance is increasingly important for the whole media industry due to the influence of the Web. 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Linguistics Describing Meaning of Words free essay sample

In trying to understand language, linguists who study semantics have always been concerned with explaining the meaning of words In natural languages such as English. Several problems have surfaced from an examination of the various exulting methods used to describe the meaning of these words, in particular dictionary definition, binary descriptors and referents. Context is also an important consideration when defining meaning.The dictionary definition of a word has been a problem because of Its vagueness (Hinkler, 2012), According to Winker (2012), because dictionary uses words to define rods generally, therefore the different sense and connotations of each word will result in an array of interpretations. To illustrate, the dictionary defines meaning as logical connotation of a word or phrase. However, the word logical is ambiguous in this case such as to whom and how (ibid. ). Linguists then attempted the use of binary descriptors to remove vagueness of word definitions.A binary descriptor Is a list of properties used to describe concepts, for example, mare as *equine *female *mature, eliminating the ambiguity (ibid. We will write a custom essay sample on Linguistics: Describing Meaning of Words or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ). However, no list of terms can be joined to give a clear definition of abstract words, such as happiness, self (Hinkler, 2012) or freedom (Frocking, et al, 2005). Additionally, gradable words like coldness and slowness are subjected to individual interpretation (Hinkler, 2012). The problem of definition Is also assumed to be solvable by referents.According to Hinkler (2012), referents describe meaning by referring words to items existing in real life. However, there are numerous drawbacks with this method. Firstly, function words such as on, an and but do not have any referent (ibid. ). Certain nouns do not have referents as well. For instance, we may portray a picture of an elf or demon in our mind through movies or books, but these things do not have referents in real life (Ibid). Even things that exist but are not specified have the same problem (Ibid).For example, assassin in the sentence The kings assassin perished In the blast, Is usually an unknown being, though we do know from sense that it is a human and killer of important personnel et al, 2005). On the contrary, there are also things which do not exist but makes sense. In the sentence No human is indigenous to Antarctica, the non-existent being has no physical and rational referent even though the meaning Is understood (Hinkler, 2012). The distinction between various individuals perception of the word presents a further problem to using referents.The word mother has a clear lexical meaning, but mother represents a varying set of qualities distinct to each individual, such as age, height and personality differences (Hinkler, 2012). Lastly, factors Like geographical location can lead to different Interpretation of a word. Will disagree with the dictionary definition of a river as a large natural stream of water . This is because rivers there are only filled with water for a few weeks annually. It is indisputable that linguists consistently face problems when trying to accurately describe the meaning of English words.

Sompack a Turkish Manufacturer Essay Example

Sompack a Turkish Manufacturer Essay SomPack which is a Turkish manufacturer, had to make a hard decision about its substantial corporate strategy, because in the mid-1990s SomPack realized that China was a threat. China had been making inroads into U. S. Market. The main issue was the labor cost differentials, so SomPack tried to set some ways to reduce labor costs and increase the capacity. The company took a step to product assembly that is the lipstick mechanism and the mechanism was high volume component that has multistep process. They had a machine custom-designed, but the machine was so sensitive to operate and defects occurred. Then, they decided to redesign the parts of assembly to decrease material cost, but it also did not work well. If they would have the workers assemble the parts manually, it would have more cheaply than the machine. SomPack customers used to order large demand and the company was on the top, but the Chinese suppliers started to get those demands. Based on all past experience, company decided to go for low-cost Chinese moulding machines. For SomPack industry, they still found cost differentials of more than fifty percent relative to Turkey. Thus, they were trading a good line to decrease their costs based on cheaper equipment and selective outsourcing, while not decreasing the quality and service of the final product they ensure their customers to any reasonable extent. INTRODUCTION Since the mid-1990, SomPack, a Turkish manufacturer of cosmetics packaging products, had been having rough days because of the Chinese suppliers who produce lower-cost and lower-quality goods, as a competitor. SomPack started the job by making injection moulds for plastics products. We will write a custom essay sample on Sompack a Turkish Manufacturer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sompack a Turkish Manufacturer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sompack a Turkish Manufacturer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The company entered the business with mould making for electronics, home products and automotive industries. In 1980`s SomPack started to packaging cosmetics stuffs. SomPack was famous with their production quality and good customer relations. It was a family-owned group. To make a decision between choosing low-cost and low quality products strategy, I recommend SomPack to no to change their substantial strategy based on high quality of the product, according to the customer`s satisfaction. The question is; should Turkish manufacturer of osmetics packaging called SomPack, change their strategy through reducing the quality of either process or products in order to compete with low-cost products from China, or, should SomPack try to resist Chinese low-cost products and try to keep their product quality same? The case is dealing with the research through the decision of joining them, instead of beating them. BODY OF PAPER OPTIONS It is a decision case that company has two options. The f irst option is changing corporate strategy that means decreasing the quality of a product or still having same corporate strategy that means high-cost, but also high quality. CRITERIA As for criteria, SOMPACK believed that if they increase the quality, they would not compete with its international and local competitors. That is, they are facing with low-cost competition in the international and local market. Moreover, low quality and low cost products were increasing in market share. SomPack could not adjust ERP system. Productions were based on estimates and for large sizes that sought to minimize set up times utilize any spare capacity. However, with orders varying substantially, often the company produced too many parts of one type and had store them, while at other times there were not enough parts for a new order. The other criterion is SomPack had some strategic faults about choosing mould machines. For example, they told that the expensive machine is the best and it would decrease the labor costs, but they could not use the machines that they need to use. Thus, it causes some problems about the moulds and to fix they had to pay much more for labor costs. Another criterion is SomPack`s customers` demand cheap products. Moreover, SomPack loss their suppliers and the customers due to the Chinese affects in cosmetic market. Lastly, large customers who could control suppliers in China increasingly preferred to deal with them directly. Customers increasingly approached SomPack for smaller order quantities, and when they needed to change their product mix often, so SomPack could not have depended on Chinese suppliers for such products either. FACTS Facts are related to criteria. There are some economic and also social facts that are connected to economic ones. Economic facts are that the company was trying to reduce labor costs, product quality by the use of cheaper raw material, use of cheaper costs and machines. Also, the social facts occurred due to loss of customers. Those customers started to look for new countries to find a new company. That is, SOMPACK was famous with its quality products and good customer relations, but they had to decrease costs because of the fact that global crisis and foreign competition had increased. ACTION PLAN SomPack`s goal is to be different than the other companies on the base of production`s quality and service. SHORT-TERM STEPS SomPack should reduce the costs as much as they can by the use of cheaper equipment and selective outsourcing, but at the same time they need to keep the quality and service high. Furthermore, they need to hire ERP expert to adjust the system better. LONG-TERM STEPS For the long-term steps they tried to find a better Chinese partner and try to be competitive in the market. They should play active role in expo. Through presenting their products. Also, they can train effectively their workers about the use of moulding machines. Lastly, they need to get more certificates. RISKS According to short and long terms there are some risks; first of all quality can reduce and it causes loss of the customers who value quality. Because of low-cost raw materials using products can be nondurable and those products returning costs could be much more higher for the company. CONCLUSION In conclusion, as I mentioned before it is a decision case and my decision is same with the company`s last decision which is â€Å"If you can`t beat them, join them. â€Å"That is, it was not the right time to take the risk of investing heavily in increasing quality. I preferred first option because, the first option aims reducing the cost of production. I do not prefer second option because; SomPack would go with high cost productions that decrease the profit margin. Moreover, even though they aimed to differentiate themselves based on quality and service, it was not the right time to take the risk of investing heavily in increasing quality across the board with hope they could attract much larger and better customers. References http://whatiserp. net/erp-basic-knowledge/erp-software/ Source: http://blogs. cfr. org/setser/2008/11/10/does-a-bigger-boom-imply-a-bigger-bust/#more-4021 Source: http://teknikkalipplastik. com/urunler. asp? dil=53 http://www. tradekorea. com/products/plastic_moulding. html